10.  Endnotes

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¹ Lovelace v. Ontario, [2000] 1 S.C.R. 950
² Report of the Royal Commission on Equality in Employment. "Equality in Employment". Silbermann Abella, J. Rosalie, Commissioner. Minister of Supply and Services Canada, 1984, pg. 6
³ Two international comparison studies on employment equity were made by Labour Program of HRDC in March and Fall 2001.
⁴ Commission data as of October 20^th, 2001
⁵ Fortin,Pierre, Andrew Sharpe, and France St-Hilaire. "Reducing the wage gap isn't just moral - it's economically efficient". Globe and Mail. January 30, 2001.
⁶ Ibid.
⁷ Capitalising on Diversity, Davos World Economic Forum, Feb 2, 2001
⁸ Annual Congress of the Association des économistes Québecois et Québecoise. May 2000.
⁹ Statistics Canada, The Daily, June 2000.
¹⁰ Reitz, Jeffrey G. "Immigrant Skill Utilization in the Canadian Labour Market:  Implications of Human Capital Research". Weatherhead Centre for International Affairs, and Department of Sociology. Harvard University, January 2001. To be published in:  Journal of International Migration and Integration
¹¹ Harvey, Edward B. and John H. Blakely. "The Costs of Discrimination:  Women, Visible Minorities and the Canadian Economy". An Executive Summary prepared for HRDC. May 2001, Pg. 2
¹² Narrative reports of banks in HRDC`s database.
¹³ Many employers have indicated in their qualitative measures that the whole company benefits from improvements related to employment equity. See Labour Annual Report on the Employment Equity Act 2000.
¹⁴ Cotton, Cathy . "Recent Developments in Low Income Cutoffs". Income Statistics Division at Statistics Canada. July 2001.
¹⁵ Statistics Canada. "Income in Canada". 1999.
¹⁶ Statistics Canada. "Health and Activity Limitation Survey".1991.
¹⁷ Lavoie v. Canada, appeal heard June 12, 2001 (File No. 27427), on appeal from the Federal Court of Canada which held that the provisions did not contravene the Charter (1999), 174 D.L.R. (4rh) 588 (F.C.A.).
¹⁸ Federal/Provincial/Territorial Ministers Responsible for the Status of Women. "Women's Economic Independence and Security". March 2001, p. 12.
¹⁹ Federal/Provincial/Territorial Ministers Responsible for the Status of Women. "Women's Economic Independence and Security". March 2001, p. 11-12.
²⁰ "Work, Family and Community:  Key Issues and Directions for Future Research - 4.0 The Interaction of Work, Family and Community:  Key Issues." http://labour.hrdc-drhc.gc.ca/doc/wlb-ctp/CCSD-CCDS/c40-en.html. Accessed June 13, 2001.
²¹ Durst, Douglas and Mary Bluehardt. "Urban Aboriginal Persons with Disabilities:  Triple Jeopardy" Social Policy Research Unit, University of Regina, February 2001.
²² HRDC:  "In unison 2000: Persons with Disabilities in Canada", 2000
²³ HRDC:  "In Unison 2000:  Persons with Disabilities in Canada", 2000, P. xi
²⁴ Statistics Canada. "Forecast of Visible Minorities Population". 1996
²⁵ Citizenship and Immigration Estimates. 1998.
²⁶ Feng Hou and Balakrishnan. "The Integration of Visible Minorities in Contemporary Canadian Society". Canadian Journal of Sociology. Summer 1996.
²⁷ Morgan Campbell. "Study Links Racism, Wage Gap". The Toronto Star. May 4, 2001.
²⁸ Lock Kunz, Jean, Anne Milan, and Sylvain Schetagne. "Unequal Access:  A Canadian Profile of Racial Differences in Education, Employment and Income". Toronto:  Copyright, 2000.
²⁹ Pierre Joseph, Ulysse. "Justice sociale, exclusion et citoyenneté : Les minorités éthniques au Canada" [Social justice, exclusion and citizenship:  Ethnic minorities in Canada]. http://canada.metropolis.net/events. June 2, 2001.
³⁰ Jennifer Lewington. "Visible Minorities Land Fewer Jobs, Study Says". Globe and Mail. March 3, 1997.
³¹ Weiner, Nan. "Systemic Barriers in Staffing and Staff Development Systems within Health Canada in the case of National Capital Alliance on Race Relations v. Her Majesty the Queen'. A report prepared for CHRC. January 1996.
³² Task Force on the Participation of Visible Minorities in Federal Public Service. "Embracing Change in the Federal Public Service". Lewis Perinbam, Chairperson. March 2000.
³³ World Health Organization. "ICIDH-Final Draft". 2000, pg. 1-5
³⁴ Report of the Royal Commission on Equality in Employment. "Equality in Employment". Silbermann Abella, J. Rosalie, Commissioner. Minister of Supply and Services Canada, 1984, p. 46.
³⁵ British Columbia (Public Service Employee Relations Commission) v. BCGSEU), [1999] 3 S.C.R. 3; British Columbia (Superintendent of Motor Vehicles) v. British Columbia (Council of Human Rights), [1999] 3 S.C.R. 868, at para 32.